Overview Every computer's network interface has a unique identifer called a MAC address. It is a 12 digit hexadecimal number usually delimted by colons, e.g. Both wired and wireless network interfaces have these addresses. Finding the Ethernet MAC Address Microsoft Windows For PCs running Windows 7 and earlier, Go to Start Menu Programs Accessories DOS Command Prompt Type cmd. For PCs running Windows 8 and later, launch the 'Command' program by searching for it in your applications list.
When the command window appears, type ipconfig /all. The Physical Address value for your ethernet card is your MAC address. Make sure you're looking at your ethernet interface and not your wireless interface. Apple MacOS X From the Desktop For Macs running Lion (10.7) or newer, go to the Apple menu System Preferences Network (under 'Internet and Wireless'). Click on the Advanced button and then the Hardware tab. The MAC address is listed there.
For older Macs, open the Network Preferences, and, for any Location, choose Built-in Ethernet from the drop down menu that's labeled Show. Click on the Ethernet tab (or in Leopard click on the Advanced button then the Ethernet tab), and the MAC address is displayed as the Ethernet ID.
From the Terminal Type ' networksetup -listallhardwareports '. The 'Ethernet Address' field for the ethernet hardware port is your MAC address. Linux Type /sbin/ifconfig in a terminal window. The HWaddr field associated with your ethernet interface is your MAC address.
Mac OS X has a command-line utility for performing an nslookup called 'nslookup'. An nslookup is a network utility used to resolve a name (e.g.
) to an IP address (e.g. To perform an nslookup on a Mac OS X computer, you must open a Terminal window. Terminal can be found by opening the Finder, selection Applications and Utilities. To open a terminal session, double-click on 'Terminal.app'. From the Terminal prompt, enter 'nslookup to return the IP address for. You may also do an nslookup for a non-UNH address such as Google. The nslookup results will display the actual IP address (or addresses) for the name queried.
In addition the nslookup will also return the name server used to make the request. In this example, the name server is 10.20.248.13. This value will vary depending on your location and connection to the network.
This is a command line tutorial primarily conducted in in the OS X command line. Because of OSX’s unix heritage, much of the info here is also useful in other unix inspired systems, like the Linux command line. The command line can be a scary place when you first encounter it. When you read some instructions that tell you to open up a terminal window and type some cryptic words and phrases, it can seem like you’ve been sucked into the matrix, expected to decrypt an endless stream of indecipherable characters.
Fear not, it’s really not that difficult to use. In fact, when you see an experienced user looking at a terminal that is scrolling line after line of text faster than you can even read it, they aren’t really reading it either. For the most part they may be scanning for some key words, but mostly they are just waiting for it to stop.
Check out our full of learning courses. How to open the command line. Before you can use it, you need to be able to find it.
Ipconfig In Terminal
So what we need to do is open the terminal. On OS X, open your Applications folder, then open the Utilities folder.
Open the Terminal application. You may want to add this to your dock. I like to launch terminal by using Spotlight search in OS X, searching for “terminal”. Anatomy of the Console First let’s clarify a few terms. Console: This is the system as a whole.
This is both the command line as well as the output from previous commands. Command Line: This is the actual line in a console where you type your command. Prompt: This is the beginning of the command line. It usually provides some contextual information like who you are, where you are and other useful info. It typically ends in a $.
After the prompt is where you will be typing commands. Terminal: This is the actual interface to the console.
The program we use to interact with the console is actually a “terminal emulator”, providing us the experience of typing into an old school terminal from the convenience of our modern graphical operating system. Running a Command. Nearly all commands follow a common pattern with 3 main parts.
The program, the options, and the arguments. Let’s see an example. $ ls -l Type the code above. Do not type the leading $. This is a common convention used is denote what follows is a command to be run. Once you have typed it out, hit enter to run it, and see what happens.
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The program is the verb. It describes what you want to do. In our example ls is the program. Ls is short for list, meaning, I want to see a list of files somewhere on my computer. Options are like the adverb.
They usually modify the way the program will run. In our example -l is an option.
It’s short for “long”. Without this option, the list will be simply the filenames. When we modify the command with -l, it will display to us the files along with more detailed information. Options are just that: Optional. Any command should have some default behavior when called without options.
Each command has it’s own options. Most often the order of the options do not matter, but occasionally they may. The arguments are what’s left.
In our case the.These are the objects of our sentence. They describe what we want our command to act on. In our example the is a shorthand name for a special folder on your computer: your home folder.
So we are saying we want to list all of our files in our home folder. Some programs may not need arguments. For instance, without arguments, ls will list the files in the directory you are currently in. More on that later.
Again, each program has different arguments, and the order of the arguments typically matter. Where Are You?
In the console, you are always working in a directory, or folder, on your computer. We call this your working directory.
You can see where you are using pwd(short for print working directory) $ pwd This command will print out your current location. You can change your directory with cd (short for change directory). If you pass it an argument, it will change your to that location, if it exists. Without an argument, it will take you to your home directory ( ). $ cd Documents You’ll notice that I just passed it a directory named Documents, because I was in my home directory, that contains a directory called Documents.
This is relative path, because I specified my destination relative to my current directory. I can provide an absolute path by providing the full path beginning with the /, or starting with my home directory ( ) such as: $ cd /Users/jim/Documents or $ cd /Documents If you want to navigate “up”, that is to the directory that contains your current directory, you can use the special name.which you can even use separated by slashes to navigate several levels up. From my Documents directory, this command will take me up to my home directory. Get Some Help, man! Even when you learn what commands you can use, there is still a lot of power in each command or program.
There are often dozens of available options, and depending on your arguments, your command could behave in several different ways. Fortunately, most commands have a manual.
To read, use the man command. Pass the name of the command you want to learn about as it’s only argument.
For instance to learn more about ls, run $ man ls The manual can be scrolled with the arrow keys or space bar. Pressing q will quit. Want to know more about man? Run man man Some more commands. There are a ton of different commands you can use, but only a couple dozen will get you pretty effective in the command line. We learned about ls, pwd, cd, and man.
Try using the man command to learn about these commands. mkdirMake a new directory. touchMake a new empty file. cpCopy a file. mvMove a file. rmRemove a file or directory (learn about the -r option). less Show the contents of a file in a scrolling buffer If you’re looking to take your programming to another level, check out our Techdegrees.
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How to Use Basic UNIX Commands to Work in Terminal on Your Mac If you’re on your Mac, you need to know the most important UNIX commands: those that work with directories, those that work with files, and miscellaneous but commonly used commands. Folders are called directories in. Commands that refer to filenames, as most do, assume that you’re talking about files in the working directory. When you open the Terminal window, the working directory is set to your home directory, abbreviated. Bash shows you the current working directory and your username to the left of its prompt. The following table lists common directory-related commands.
UNIX Directory Commands Command What It Does ls Lists the names of the files in the working directory. For more complete information, use ls –alF (. Cd directoryname Changes the working directory to the one you named. Brings you up one directory level. Cd Returns you to your home directory. Pwd Displays the pathname of the current directory.
Mkdir newdirectoryname Makes a new directory. Rmdir directoryname Removes (deletes) an empty directory. As in Windows, you can redirect the output of a command to a text file. So if you want a record of the files in a folder, type cd, followed by a space, drag the folder’s icon to the Terminal window, and press Return.
Type ls mydirectorylist.txt and press Return again. A file named mydirectorylist.txt will appear in the folder you chose.
You can open the file in TextEdit to see a list of the files in that directory. This table lists commands commonly used when working with files in the Terminal window. Working with Files Command What It Does cp filename1 filename2 Copies a file. Chmod Changes permissions for access to a file. Study the man page before using this one. Diff Compares two files line by line (assumes text). More filename Displays a text file one page at a time.
Press the spacebar to see the next page; press Q to quit. The man command works through more. Mv filename1 filename2 Moves a file or changes its name. Rm filename Removes (deletes) a file. This last table explains other handy commands that anyone getting started in Terminal will likely want to know.
Miscellaneous Commands Command What It Does Control+C Terminates most operations. Date Displays the current date and time. Echo Repeats whatever appears after the command (after expansion). Help Displays a partial list of bash commands. History Displays the last commands you typed. You can redo a command by typing an exclamation point (!) followed immediately (no space) by the number of that command in the history list. To repeat the last command, type!!
To repeat the last filename, type!. Pico A simple UNIX text editor. Ps Displays a list of running processes. Sudo Lets you carry out commands for which the account you are using lacks authority. You will be asked for an administrator’s password.
When you’re working in Terminal, you don’t have a Trash Can to which deleted files are moved pending ultimate disposal. Delete it, and it’s gone.
In general, UNIX has no Undo function.
( internet protocol configuration) in Microsoft Windows is a console application that displays all current TCP/IP network configuration values and can modify Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP and Domain Name System DNS settings. (short for inter face configuration) is a system administration utility in Unix-like operating systems to configure, control, and query TCP/IP network interface parameters from a command line interface (CLI) or in system configuration scripts. Is a DHCP client. It is used to obtain an IP address and other information from a dhcp server, renew the IP address lease time, and automatically configure the network interface. The program performs a similar function as dhclient.
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